Google Tag Manager is a tag management system that lets marketers deploy and update analytics and marketing scripts without code changes. The GTM container script loads synchronously in the page head and injects configured tags, triggers, and variables on behalf of other vendors. No data collection of its own — acts as a loader for other scripts.
Payment processing infrastructure used by online businesses globally. The Stripe.js script loads securely to handle card tokenization, 3D Secure authentication, and payment element rendering. Stripe also runs fraud detection heuristics in the browser to assess transaction risk.
Payment processing platform that enables buyers to pay via PayPal, Venmo, Pay Later, or card. The PayPal SDK loads the checkout button and handles payment authorization flow. Sets cookies to detect logged-in PayPal users and pre-fill payment details on merchant sites.
The underlying e-commerce platform for millions of online stores. Shopify's scripts handle storefront rendering, cart state, checkout flows, and payment processing. Also loads Shop Pay analytics and attribution scripts that track orders and referral sources across the Shopify merchant network.
CDN and network security infrastructure provider used to accelerate and protect websites. Scripts include the Cloudflare Turnstile CAPTCHA widget, Web Analytics (cookieless analytics), and Bot Management signals. Core CDN functionality operates at the network level, but challenge and analytics scripts do execute in the browser.
Google reCAPTCHA is a bot detection and spam prevention service protecting web forms, login pages, and checkout flows. Scripts analyze user behavior, mouse movements, and browser fingerprints to distinguish humans from bots. The invisible reCAPTCHA v3 scores interactions without requiring user challenges.
Consent management and privacy compliance platform. The OneTrust script serves the cookie consent banner, records consent decisions, and conditionally blocks or allows other scripts based on user preferences. Also powers cookie audits, privacy preference centers, and data subject access request workflows.
Salesforce Commerce Cloud is an enterprise e-commerce platform powering online storefronts. Platform scripts manage shopping cart state, product catalog browsing, and checkout flows. Session cookies maintain cart contents and authentication state. Analytics integrations capture purchase events and browsing behavior for merchandising and personalization.
Primarily present through Apple Maps JavaScript embeds and Apple Pay JS on e-commerce sites. The Maps script renders interactive maps and may log interaction events. Apple Pay JS checks device eligibility and communicates with Apple servers during checkout to complete payment sessions.
Datadog is an observability and monitoring platform for cloud infrastructure, applications, and logs. Browser SDK scripts instrument frontend JavaScript to capture errors, performance timings, and user sessions for Real User Monitoring. Used by engineering teams to diagnose production issues and monitor user experience metrics.
Okta is an enterprise identity and access management platform used for SSO, MFA, and user lifecycle management. Scripts and redirects handle authentication flows that validate user identity against Okta's identity provider before granting access to applications. Widely deployed in B2B SaaS and enterprise software products.
Auth0 is an identity-as-a-service platform providing authentication, authorization, and SSO for web and mobile applications. Scripts handle login flows, token management, and session persistence using Auth0's Universal Login. Integrates with social providers, enterprise IdPs, and MFA to secure application access.
Klarna is a buy-now-pay-later and consumer financing service embedded in e-commerce checkouts. Scripts load payment option widgets displaying installment plans and financing offers to shoppers. Browser signals, purchase context, and session data are collected for real-time credit assessments. Sets cookies to maintain session state across the checkout flow.
Enterprise CDN and security platform used by large companies to distribute assets globally and protect against DDoS and bot attacks. The mPulse script measures real-user performance (page load, resource timing) and sends metrics to Akamai's telemetry platform. Bot Manager may inject browser fingerprinting scripts to classify traffic.
AWS CloudFront is Amazon's content delivery network that caches and serves website assets from edge locations worldwide. It delivers HTML, CSS, JavaScript, images, video, and API responses from the nearest point of presence to reduce latency. Operates as transparent infrastructure with no advertising or behavioral tracking — purely accelerates content delivery.
Dynatrace is an AI-powered observability platform for application performance monitoring and infrastructure management. Browser agents inject into page loads to collect Real User Monitoring data including JavaScript errors, resource timings, and user action traces. Used by operations and engineering teams to detect and diagnose performance degradations.
Vercel is a frontend cloud platform for deploying and hosting web applications. Sites on Vercel load Vercel's CDN infrastructure and runtime scripts. Vercel Analytics tracks page views, web vitals, and visitor geography. Sets cookies for Speed Insights and visitor attribution.
High-performance CDN and edge delivery platform used primarily by developer-focused companies and media sites. Most Fastly functionality is at the network edge with no client-side JavaScript. When present in the browser, it typically reflects assets being served from Fastly's CDN rather than active script execution.
Adobe Fonts is a web font hosting service that delivers typefaces to websites via Adobe's CDN. Stylesheets and font files load from use.typekit.net to render custom typography for visitors. The service requires a project-specific embed code but does not set advertising or analytics cookies — operates purely as font delivery infrastructure.
Website design and hosting platform used by designers and development teams to build and host custom sites. Webflow scripts manage responsive layout rendering and form submissions on Webflow-hosted sites. Webflow's Ecommerce feature adds cart and checkout tracking scripts.
Website builder and hosting platform used by small businesses and creators. Wix.com scripts handle site rendering, form submissions, and e-commerce functionality on Wix-hosted sites. Wix also loads first-party analytics and marketing pixel scripts on behalf of site owners.
E-commerce website builder used by entrepreneurs and small businesses. Squarespace's scripts handle storefront rendering, checkout, and form submissions on Squarespace-hosted sites. Also loads analytics, scheduling (Acuity), and e-commerce tracking scripts as part of its integrated platform.
Amazon Pay is a digital payment service that lets customers check out on third-party websites using their Amazon account credentials. Scripts load the Amazon Pay button and wallet widget, handle address and payment selection, and process transactions through Amazon's payment infrastructure. Stores session cookies to maintain checkout state and authentication.
Online payment processing platform used by marketplaces and platforms to handle complex payment flows. The Braintree SDK (owned by PayPal) tokenizes card and PayPal credentials and handles 3D Secure authentication. Injects an iframe-based payment form to keep card data off the merchant's servers.
Worldpay (FIS) is a global payment processing company. Scripts embed hosted payment pages, card tokenization forms, and 3D Secure authentication flows on merchant checkout pages. Collects payment card data within secure iframes; sets session and fraud detection cookies to manage transaction state.
Square scripts embed hosted payment forms and checkout components for processing card transactions on merchant websites. Scripts handle card tokenization within Square's PCI-compliant iframe environment. Session data is used for fraud prevention and transaction processing.
Privacy and consent management platform (CMP) that serves cookie consent banners and manages consent records. TrustArc scripts control script loading based on user consent decisions and maintain an audit log for regulatory compliance.
Privacy and consent management platform (CMP) used to serve cookie consent banners and record user consent decisions. Usercentrics scripts control which vendor scripts load based on user consent selections, enabling GDPR and ePrivacy compliance.
Consent management platform (CMP) and data governance tool that helps publishers comply with GDPR and IAB TCF standards. iubenda scripts serve consent banners, manage cookie audits, and generate privacy policy documentation.
Open-source JavaScript module hosting CDN provided by the OpenJS Foundation. The jsDelivr and similar CDNs serve JavaScript packages globally. No behavioral tracking or advertising cookies are set by the CDN itself.
Cloud-based image and video management platform used to store, transform, and deliver media assets. Most Cloudinary delivery is CDN-level with no client JavaScript, but the Upload Widget and Media Library embeds run in the browser. Image transformations are applied server-side via URL parameters.
IAB Europe is the trade association for digital advertising in Europe. The IAB Transparency & Consent Framework (TCF) script manages vendor consent records for GDPR compliance across participating advertising technology companies.
Loads core CMS functionality scripts on Joomla-powered websites, including extension integrations and component libraries. Third-party Joomla extensions may load additional scripts that collect usage analytics or personal data depending on the plugins installed and configured by site operators.
Cisco Systems provides enterprise networking and security infrastructure. Webex (video conferencing), Duo (MFA), and Cisco Umbrella scripts may appear on enterprise sites. Webex meeting embeds load a video conferencing widget; security scripts perform device health checks.
Ant Financial (Alipay) is China's leading digital payments platform. Alipay scripts on e-commerce sites handle payment checkout flows for Chinese consumers. Also used for authentication and digital wallet integration on merchant sites.
Google Fonts is a free font hosting service that serves hundreds of typeface families via a global CDN. Stylesheets and font files load from fonts.googleapis.com and fonts.gstatic.com to deliver web fonts to visitors. No advertising or tracking functionality is included.
Firebase is Google's mobile and web application development platform offering authentication, real-time database, cloud functions, and analytics. Web SDK scripts initialize Firebase services and may track app events via Firebase Analytics, which is powered by Google Analytics 4. Widely used in single-page apps and PWAs for backend infrastructure and usage tracking.
Cookiebot (by Usercentrics) is a cookie consent and compliance platform used to obtain and manage GDPR and ePrivacy consent. Scripts scan the website for cookies and trackers, serve a consent banner on first visit, and block non-consented scripts until user approval is given. Consent records are logged with timestamps and user identifiers for audit purposes.
Google is the dominant provider of web analytics, advertising, and infrastructure tools. Scripts like Google Analytics, Tag Manager, Ads, and reCAPTCHA collect behavioral data, manage tag firing, serve targeted ads, and detect bots. Sets persistent cookies to track users and correlate activity across sites.
Azure CDN is Microsoft's content delivery network that caches and serves website assets from globally distributed edge servers. Delivers HTML, CSS, JavaScript, images, and media to visitors from the nearest edge location to reduce latency. No tracking or advertising functionality — operates purely as transparent content delivery infrastructure.
Sign in with Apple is an OAuth-based authentication service that lets users log into websites using their Apple ID with built-in privacy features. Scripts load the Apple authentication button and handle secure token exchange. Supports email relay to hide user email addresses from websites, and stores session tokens to maintain login state.
Amazon Cognito is a user authentication and identity management service from AWS. Scripts load the Cognito SDK to handle user registration, login, multi-factor authentication, and OAuth federation with social identity providers. Stores JWT tokens and session cookies in the browser to maintain authenticated state across page navigation and app sessions.
Razorpay is an Indian payment gateway for processing online transactions. Scripts embed checkout flows supporting cards, UPI, netbanking, and digital wallets on e-commerce sites. Handles payment tokenization and fraud detection. Sets session cookies during checkout to maintain transaction state.
Framer is a website builder and design platform. Sites deployed on Framer load Framer's CDN infrastructure scripts for rendering and asset delivery. Framer Analytics tracks page views, visitor counts, and traffic sources. Sets cookies to distinguish unique visitors and measure site performance.
Thinkific is an online course creation and delivery platform. Scripts embed course enrollment flows, video lessons, and checkout widgets on course sites. Tracks student progress, video completion, and purchase events. Sets authentication and learning-progress cookies for enrolled students.
Kajabi is an all-in-one platform for hosting online courses, memberships, and digital products. Scripts track student engagement, lesson completions, and purchase events on creator sites. Sets cookies to manage user sessions, gate content access, and attribute enrollment conversions.
Paddle is a payments infrastructure platform for SaaS companies. Scripts embed checkout overlay flows directly on software vendor websites to handle subscription billing and license purchases. Sets cookies to manage checkout sessions and detect fraud during payment processing.
Chargebee is a subscription management and recurring billing platform for SaaS businesses. Scripts embed hosted checkout forms and billing portal interfaces on product websites, enabling plan upgrades, payment updates, and invoice access. Sets session cookies to authenticate billing portal users.
Recurly is a subscription billing and revenue management platform. Scripts load hosted payment pages and checkout flows on subscription business websites, handling plan selection and payment collection. Sets cookies to manage checkout sessions and detect duplicate submissions during billing.
GoCardless is a bank debit payments platform for recurring billing and subscription businesses. Scripts embed payment authorization flows on billing pages, guiding users through bank account verification for direct debit setup. Sets session cookies to secure the payment authorization process.
Web security and DDoS protection solution for e-commerce and enterprise sites. F5 Networks scripts may appear as part of bot management and web application firewall (WAF) deployments, performing browser integrity checks to identify automated traffic.
Enterprise fraud prevention platform used by fintech, insurance, and e-commerce companies. The Forter script assesses transaction risk in real time by analyzing device signals, behavioral patterns, and network intelligence — blocking fraudulent orders before they process.
Developer-centric cloud infrastructure provider. DigitalOcean hostnames in network requests reflect assets or API endpoints hosted on DigitalOcean infrastructure by the site operator. DigitalOcean does not inject client-side tracking scripts.
Netlify is a cloud platform for deploying and hosting web applications. Sites served via Netlify may load analytics scripts and form handling endpoints, collecting visitor metrics and processing form submissions on Netlify-hosted properties.
Sift is a digital trust and safety platform for fraud prevention. Scripts collect device intelligence, browser fingerprints, and behavioral telemetry to detect and prevent account fraud, payment fraud, and content abuse in real time on e-commerce and financial services websites.
Equifax is a global data and analytics company providing credit reporting and identity verification services. Scripts enable identity verification, credit check, and fraud detection flows on financial websites, supporting secure customer onboarding and regulatory compliance requirements.
Payoneer is a global cross-border payment and financial services platform. Scripts handle secure payment flows for marketplace sellers and freelancers, rendering payment interfaces and transaction processing elements on partner and marketplace payment pages.
Web application security platform providing DDoS protection, WAF, and bot management. Client-side scripts perform device fingerprinting and behavioral analysis to distinguish human visitors from automated traffic. Challenge pages may appear to users flagged as suspicious before they can proceed to the site.
Checkout.com is a global payment processing platform. Scripts embed hosted payment forms and card input fields on checkout pages, handling card tokenization and 3D Secure authentication flows. Collects payment data in isolated iframes; sets session cookies for transaction state management.
Mollie is a European payment service provider supporting cards, iDEAL, PayPal, Klarna, and other methods. Scripts embed hosted checkout components and payment widgets on merchant sites, handling secure card entry and payment method selection. Sets session cookies to manage payment flow state and fraud prevention.
Lightspeed is a cloud-based POS and e-commerce platform for retail and restaurant businesses. E-commerce sites built on Lightspeed load commerce tracking scripts that monitor purchases, cart activity, and visitor sessions for analytics and reporting.
Paysafe is a global payment solutions provider that includes Neteller and Skrill digital wallets. It embeds payment widgets on checkout and deposit pages. Scripts process payment data and set session cookies for transaction authentication and fraud prevention.
Bolt is a one-click checkout platform for e-commerce merchants. It embeds checkout acceleration scripts that recognize returning shoppers across the Bolt network and pre-fill payment and shipping information. Persistent identity cookies are set to enable cross-site shopper recognition.
Genesys is an enterprise contact center and customer experience platform. It embeds live chat, web messaging, and AI-powered support widgets on customer-facing websites. Scripts collect visitor identity, chat transcripts, and session data for routing and analytics.
Avalara is an automated tax compliance platform for businesses. It embeds tax calculation scripts in e-commerce checkout flows to compute applicable sales tax in real time based on product type and buyer location. No behavioral tracking cookies are set.
NICE is a contact center software and customer analytics platform. It embeds live chat windows, AI chatbots, and digital engagement widgets on customer-facing websites. Scripts collect visitor identity, conversation data, and interaction history for routing and quality management.
CyberSource scripts embed hosted payment form components within PCI-compliant iframes on checkout pages. Device fingerprinting scripts run fraud screening by collecting browser characteristics and behavioral signals. Transaction data is processed through Visa's payment management infrastructure.
Gumroad scripts embed product checkout overlays and purchase widgets on creator websites. Scripts handle payment processing, digital product delivery, and purchase confirmation; they set cookies to track checkout sessions and verify buyer eligibility for purchased content.
PayU scripts embed hosted checkout pages and payment forms on merchant websites across emerging markets. Scripts handle card data tokenization, local payment method flows, and transaction verification; they set session cookies to maintain checkout state and fraud detection signals.
Authorize.net scripts embed hosted payment forms and tokenize card data on checkout pages. Payment credentials are submitted directly to Authorize.net's servers without passing through the merchant's backend, enabling PCI-compliant transaction processing for e-commerce.
Zip (formerly Quadpay) embeds buy-now-pay-later widgets on product and checkout pages. Scripts display installment pricing previews, launch the BNPL checkout modal, and communicate with Zip's servers to initiate and manage split-payment agreements.
Paystack embeds checkout popups and payment forms on merchant websites across Africa. Scripts securely handle card data entry and communicate with Paystack's servers to initiate transactions, supporting local payment methods including mobile money.
VTEX scripts power e-commerce functionality on VTEX-hosted storefronts, handling cart management, checkout flows, and order processing. Scripts also load integrated marketing pixels, analytics tracking, and personalization tools configured within the VTEX commerce platform for each store.
CookieYes is a cookie consent management platform used to achieve GDPR, CCPA, and ePrivacy compliance. Scripts scan for cookies on the site, display a customizable consent banner, and block third-party scripts based on user consent choices. Consent logs are maintained for compliance auditing.
Osano is a data privacy platform offering consent management, vendor monitoring, and privacy compliance tools. Scripts display consent interfaces on websites and selectively block non-consented tracking scripts. Vendor risk assessments and consent records are centralized in the Osano platform for legal and compliance teams.
Termly is a privacy compliance platform for generating privacy policies, cookie policies, and consent banners. Scripts display customizable consent banners on websites and record visitor consent choices. The platform auto-generates compliant legal documents based on jurisdiction and data collection practices.
Didomi is a consent management platform and privacy compliance solution for enterprise publishers and brands. Scripts serve customizable consent UIs compliant with GDPR, CCPA, and IAB TCF standards, and pass consent signals to connected advertising and analytics vendors. Consent data is logged and accessible via API for downstream compliance reporting.
Sourcepoint is a privacy and consent management platform for publishers and advertisers. Scripts deliver GDPR and CCPA-compliant consent notices, record consent decisions, and enforce script blocking based on user preferences.
Ketch is a privacy and consent management platform. Its scripts render consent banners and preference centers on web pages, store user consent choices in cookies, and orchestrate the firing or blocking of third-party tags and tracking scripts based on the visitor's consent selections.
Rackspace is a managed cloud services provider. Scripts appearing from Rackspace hostnames indicate assets (images, scripts, APIs) hosted on Rackspace cloud infrastructure by the website operator. Rackspace does not inject client-side advertising or tracking.
Cloud platform as a service for deploying and scaling web applications. Heroku is primarily backend infrastructure with no direct script presence on end-user sites. Applications hosted on Heroku may set standard session and authentication cookies.
Enterprise web content management and digital experience platform. Ensighten also provides a tag management system and client-side security (Ensighten Protect) that monitors for unauthorized script injections and data exfiltration in the browser.
Cookie consent management and compliance platform. Scripts display configurable consent banners, capture user consent preferences by category, and enforce script blocking for non-consented cookies. Stores consent records locally; supports GDPR, CCPA, and regional compliance frameworks.
Civic Computing provides GDPR cookie consent management software. The Civic Cookie Control script displays a consent banner and manages user consent preferences. Conditionally blocks tracking scripts until the user grants permission.
Cookie Information is a European consent management platform. Scripts deliver GDPR-compliant cookie consent banners, record visitor consent preferences, and control the loading of third-party tracking scripts based on consent choices. Consent records are stored for regulatory compliance.
Clerk is an authentication and user management platform for web applications. Scripts handle sign-in and sign-up flows, manage active session tokens in browser storage, and verify user identity. Sets secure authentication cookies and local storage entries required for access-controlled features.
Human Security (formerly White Ops) is a cybersecurity company protecting websites from bot attacks, ad fraud, and account takeover. Scripts collect browser integrity signals and behavioral telemetry to distinguish human visitors from automated traffic.
Digital experience management platform with built-in consent management and tag management capabilities. The Crownpeak DXM script may serve as a tag management container, loading and controlling other third-party scripts based on consent rules. The integrated consent module intercepts script execution until user permission is granted.
Fingerprint scripts collect browser attributes, hardware signals, and network data to generate a stable visitor identifier. The identifier supports fraud prevention, bot detection, account security, and visitor analytics without relying solely on cookies or local storage.
Imgix is an image content delivery network and real-time processing service. It serves optimized images from global edge servers using URL-based transformations for resizing, cropping, and format conversion. It does not set cookies or collect personal data, operating purely as an asset delivery layer.
accessiBe is an AI-powered web accessibility platform that remediates WCAG and ADA compliance gaps. Scripts inject a widget interface for users to adjust contrast, font size, and motion preferences. The AI engine scans and adjusts page elements for screen reader and keyboard navigation compatibility.
Enables consent management banners, cookie preference centers, and data subject request intake workflows on websites. Scans page content to auto-categorize cookies, collects and stores granular consent signals, and enforces data processing restrictions based on jurisdiction-specific privacy regulations.
Open-source JavaScript package registry served via CDN. The unpkg CDN delivers npm package files globally. No behavioral tracking or advertising cookies are set; access logs record standard request metadata.
Keycloak is an open-source identity and access management platform maintained by Red Hat. Its scripts handle single sign-on authentication, session management, and OAuth token handling, setting cookies to maintain user login state and authorization across web applications.
Consent management platform (CMP) that delivers cookie consent banners and manages consent signals across websites. ConsentManager scripts block non-consented vendor scripts and transmit consent records to a hosted compliance platform.
Mandrill is a transactional email delivery service operated by Mailchimp. It provides an API for sending automated emails such as password resets, order confirmations, and notifications. Its browser-side presence is minimal, limited to tracking pixels embedded in delivered emails that report open rates.
CAPTCHA and bot protection service used as a privacy-focused alternative to Google reCAPTCHA. The hCaptcha script presents challenge puzzles to detect automated traffic. Collects browser environment signals and puzzle interaction data to classify visitors as human or bot.
AudioEye is a digital accessibility platform combining automated remediation with expert manual auditing. Scripts inject real-time fixes for accessibility issues, adjusting ARIA labels, focus management, and keyboard navigation. Provides a built-in accessibility toolbar for users to customize display and reading preferences.
Enterprise-grade geolocation and IP intelligence service used to enrich analytics and fraud detection. The MaxMind GeoIP2 database is typically queried server-side; client-side scripts are rare but may appear in compliance or geo-routing contexts.
OpenCart is an open-source e-commerce platform. Scripts on OpenCart-powered storefronts manage shopping cart state, checkout flows, product catalog interactions, and integrated payment processing. Core platform scripts are essential for store functionality.
Complianz is a WordPress plugin for cookie consent and privacy policy management. Scripts serve consent banners, conditionally block embeds and tracking scripts based on consent status, and generate GDPR and CCPA-compliant privacy documentation. All consent decisions are stored locally in WordPress rather than a third-party cloud.
Contact Form 7 is a WordPress plugin that renders and processes contact forms on WordPress pages via AJAX. Scripts handle field validation, spam filtering through optional reCAPTCHA, and form submission. Only data entered by the user is collected and transmitted to the site administrator.
WarnerMedia provides digital privacy and consent management infrastructure across its portfolio of streaming and entertainment properties. Scripts manage consent preferences, control third-party tag loading based on user choices, and ensure compliance with privacy regulations on WarnerMedia sites.
Bubble is a no-code web application builder. Its scripts render complete web application interfaces including frontend logic, form handling, user authentication, and database interactions. Pages built with Bubble set session cookies and process user input data directly within the browser environment.
Cashfree Payments is an Indian payment gateway for processing online payments and disbursing payouts. Scripts render secure payment forms and handle transaction authentication flows. Cookies maintain checkout session state and support fraud detection during payment processing.
Fraud prevention platform specializing in account protection and bot mitigation. Presents users with interactive enforcement challenges when suspicious activity is detected. The Arkose Labs script runs device and behavior analysis before surfacing challenges, targeting credential stuffing, fake account creation, and payment fraud.
Flutterwave is an African payment technology platform that embeds checkout flows and payment widgets on merchant websites. Scripts load hosted payment forms supporting card, mobile money, and bank transfer methods for transactions across African and global markets.
Chargify (now Maxio) is a subscription billing platform that loads hosted billing portals and subscription checkout flows on merchant websites. Scripts manage recurring payment collection, plan selection, and subscription lifecycle management for SaaS businesses.
Nuvei is a global payment technology platform that embeds hosted payment forms and checkout flows on merchant websites. Scripts handle card and alternative payment processing, 3DS authentication, and transaction routing for online and in-app commerce.
Elavon scripts embed hosted payment forms for processing card transactions on merchant websites. Scripts handle card data within Elavon's PCI-compliant hosted environment, preventing direct handling of sensitive card data by the merchant. Session data is used for fraud prevention.
Jscrambler scripts protect JavaScript application code running in the browser through obfuscation, tampering detection, and runtime integrity monitoring. Scripts may also detect and block unauthorized third-party script injections and report client-side security events.
MTCaptcha is a CAPTCHA security service that embeds challenge widgets on forms and login pages to verify human users and prevent automated bot abuse. Scripts present visual or behavioral challenges and report verification results to the host site to gate form submission.
KeyCDN is a content delivery network that serves static assets including images, CSS, and JavaScript files from globally distributed edge servers. It processes visitor IP addresses for request routing and may set performance-related cookies. As infrastructure, it delivers third-party resources without independently collecting behavioral data.
LoginRadius is a customer identity and access management platform. Its scripts handle authentication flows including login, registration, single sign-on, and social login on websites. LoginRadius sets session tokens and cookies to manage user identity, access control, and authentication state across page loads.
FastSpring is an e-commerce platform for digital product sales. Its scripts handle checkout flows, payment processing, and subscription management on websites. FastSpring sets cookies to maintain cart state and transaction sessions, and collects purchase details, billing information, and order data during checkout.
IPQualityScore is a fraud detection and IP intelligence service. Its scripts analyze visitor IP addresses, device fingerprints, and behavioral signals to identify bots, proxies, and fraudulent activity. IPQualityScore collects device and network metadata to generate risk scores for real-time fraud prevention.
GeoEdge is an ad verification and security platform that protects publishers from malicious advertising. Its scripts scan ad creatives in real time to detect malware, phishing attempts, inappropriate content, and policy violations, helping ensure ad quality and compliance across served inventory.
Memberful is a membership and subscription management platform for content creators. Its scripts handle paywall authentication, manage member login sessions via cookies, control access to gated content, and process subscription status checks to determine visitor permissions on protected pages.
Enzuzo is a privacy compliance and consent management platform for websites. Its scripts display cookie consent banners, record visitor consent preferences, and conditionally block or allow third-party scripts and cookies based on the consent choices made by each visitor.
Frontegg is a user management and authentication platform that provides embeddable login experiences. Its scripts handle login flows, single sign-on, multi-factor authentication, and session token management via cookies, controlling user access and identity verification on web applications.
Descope runs authentication and user management scripts on websites, handling login flows, multi-factor authentication, single sign-on (SSO), and session token management. Scripts load on pages requiring user identity verification and may set session cookies or local storage tokens.
Lemon Squeezy is a payment and subscription platform for selling digital products and software. Its scripts embed checkout overlays and payment forms on websites, handle secure payment processing through iframe-based flows, and may set cookies to maintain cart state and attribute purchase sessions.
Medusa.js is an open-source headless e-commerce platform that provides API-driven backend services for custom storefronts. It serves product catalogs, cart, and order data through REST and GraphQL endpoints. Browser-side scripts are determined by the storefront implementation rather than Medusa itself.
Secure Privacy is a consent management platform providing GDPR, CCPA, and ePrivacy compliance tools. Scripts display cookie consent banners, perform automatic cookie scanning, and block non-consented tracking scripts. Consent logs are maintained per visitor for regulatory audit trails.
Sirdata is a French consent management platform delivering GDPR and ePrivacy-compliant cookie consent banners. Scripts display consent interfaces, record visitor preferences, and control the loading of third-party tracking scripts based on consent choices across European publisher sites.
Ory is an open-source identity and authentication platform that provides login, registration, and access control infrastructure. Its scripts manage authentication flows, set session cookies and OAuth tokens, and handle multi-factor authentication. Ory makes network requests to its identity servers to validate credentials.
Consent management and source defense platform that monitors and controls third-party scripts running on websites. SourceDefense scripts detect unauthorized pixel injections and data leakage from compromised or rogue third-party tags in the browser.
Content delivery network used primarily by independent publishers and small-to-medium businesses as a cost-effective CDN alternative. Assets delivered via BunnyCDN appear as b-cdn.net hostnames. The CDN operates at the network level with no client-side JavaScript of its own.
FusionAuth is an authentication and identity management platform. Its scripts handle user login flows, OAuth and OIDC authentication, session token management, and registration forms. These scripts set session cookies to maintain authenticated state and make network requests to identity provider endpoints.
Bot detection and protection platform that operates as a client-side signal collector. The DataDome script runs behavioral checks in the browser — mouse movement patterns, keystroke timing, JS environment fingerprinting — and submits signals to DataDome's servers to classify traffic as human or automated in real time.
UserWay is a web accessibility widget platform that provides WCAG and ADA compliance tools for websites. Scripts inject a floating accessibility icon that users can activate to adjust font size, contrast, spacing, and cursor preferences. The AI-powered engine remediates underlying code issues detected during page scans.
Postmark is a transactional email delivery service built for reliable inbox placement. It operates as a backend API for sending emails such as password resets, receipts, and notifications. Postmark has minimal browser-side presence on customer websites, with no tracking scripts or cookies set in visitors' browsers.
Metomic is a data privacy and consent management platform. Its scripts scan web pages for cookies and third-party trackers, display consent banners to visitors, and block or allow other scripts based on recorded consent choices. It stores visitor preferences in cookies to persist consent decisions.
Axeptio is a cookie consent management platform based in France. Its scripts display interactive consent banners, record visitor cookie preferences, and conditionally load or block third-party scripts based on consent choices. Visitor decisions are stored in cookies to maintain preferences across visits.
Clym is a privacy compliance and consent management platform. Its scripts display cookie consent banners, store visitor consent preferences in cookies, manage granular consent categories, and facilitate data subject access requests in accordance with GDPR and other privacy regulations.
CHEQ is an ad fraud prevention and go-to-market security platform. Its scripts analyze visitor behavior, device fingerprints, and network signals in real time to detect bot traffic, invalid ad clicks, and fake form submissions, blocking fraudulent interactions before they corrupt analytics data.
Directus is an open-source headless CMS and data platform that serves structured content via APIs. Its backend delivers content to frontend applications through REST or GraphQL endpoints. Directus does not typically load tracking scripts in the browser, functioning primarily as a server-side content source.
ImageKit is an image CDN and optimization service that serves transformed images from edge servers. Its scripts handle URL-based image transformations including resizing, format conversion, and lazy loading. ImageKit makes network requests to its CDN endpoints but does not typically set tracking cookies.
Silver Lake is a private equity firm focused on technology investments. Scripts appearing from Silver Lake portfolio companies reflect portfolio company digital infrastructure rather than a distinct advertising product.
Marlin Equity Partners is a private equity firm. Scripts appearing from Marlin-related companies reflect portfolio company infrastructure and digital tools rather than a distinct advertising or tracking product.
ICF is an information consulting and technology company serving government and enterprise sectors. Digital properties may use ICF infrastructure for web hosting, analytics measurement, and content delivery. Scripts typically operate as backend infrastructure without independent behavioral tracking.
Website performance optimization and CDN platform for mid-market publishers. Yottaa scripts manage script loading order, apply performance optimizations, and measure the impact of third-party scripts on page speed.
Proinity provides CDN and web optimization services. KeyCDN scripts deliver web assets globally from edge servers. The CDN operates at the network level without client-side tracking or advertising scripts.
Ad quality and security platform that detects and blocks malicious ads (malvertising) before they render. Ad Lightning's script scans ad creative for code that attempts to redirect users, mine cryptocurrency, or deploy malware. Used by publishers to protect their visitors from bad ads.
Open-source image optimization and transformation CDN used by developers to serve responsive images at scale. The imgix script is typically used server-side via URL-based image transforms; client-side scripts are rare and do not involve behavioral tracking.
CacheNetworks provides CDN and distributed caching infrastructure. Asset delivery from CacheNetworks hostnames indicates content distribution at the network level without client-side tracking or advertising functionality.
Better Uptime is an uptime monitoring and status page platform. Its scripts embed status page widgets on websites that display real-time service availability and incident updates. These widgets make periodic network requests to Better Uptime servers and may set cookies to remember visitor notification preferences.
Absorb LMS is a cloud-based learning management system. Its scripts serve course content, track learner progress, and manage authentication for training portals. They set session and authentication cookies, store completion state in browser storage, and transmit learner activity data to Absorb servers.
OnApp provides cloud computing infrastructure and CDN services for hosting providers and enterprises. Assets delivered via OnApp CDN appear as hosted static content including images, scripts, and stylesheets. Operates as transparent delivery infrastructure without independent client-side tracking.
EqualWeb is an AI-driven web accessibility solution ensuring compliance with WCAG, ADA, and Section 508 standards. Scripts load an accessibility widget with options for adjusting visual, motor, and cognitive accessibility settings. The platform automatically generates accessibility statements and audit reports.