VDPOSA

Vermont Data Privacy and Online Surveillance Act (S.71 / Act 145)

Key Facts

Effective Date
January 1, 2028
Enacted
June 16, 2026
Enforcing Authority
Vermont Attorney General
Consent Model
Opt-out

Penalties

AG-enforced; no private right of action (removed from the enacted version).

Data Subject Rights

Access your data45 days

Confirm whether a controller is processing your personal data and access it, including inferences derived from it and whether it is used for profiling to make decisions with legal or similarly significant effects.

Correct your data45 days

Correct inaccuracies in your personal data, taking into account the nature of the data and the purposes of the processing.

Delete your data45 days

Delete personal data you provided to a controller or that it obtained about you.

Port your data45 days

Obtain a copy of your personal data in a portable and, where technically feasible, readily usable format you can transmit to another controller without hindrance, where the processing is automated.

Opt out of targeted advertising45 days

Opt out of the processing of your personal data for targeted advertising, including through an opt-out preference signal such as a browser setting that the controller must honor.

Opt out of sale45 days

Opt out of the sale of your personal data, including through an opt-out preference signal such as a browser setting that the controller must honor; a controller may not sell your sensitive data without your consent.

Opt out of profiling45 days

Opt out of profiling in furtherance of any automated decision with legal or similarly significant effects, meaning decisions about financial or lending services, housing, insurance, education, criminal justice, employment or health care.

Challenge automated decisions45 days

If profiling led to an automated decision with legal or similarly significant effects about you, then where feasible question the result, learn the reason for it and review the data used; for housing decisions, also correct inaccurate data and have the decision reevaluated.

See who your data was sold to45 days

Obtain a list of the third parties a controller sold your personal data to or, if it keeps no consumer-specific list, a list of all third parties it has sold personal data to.

Use an authorized agent to opt out45 days

Designate another person, including through a technology such as an internet link, browser setting, browser extension or global device setting, to opt out on your behalf; this agent right covers opt-outs only.

Appeal a refusal60 days

Appeal a controller's refusal to act on your request through an appeal process that must be conspicuously available and similar to the request process, and receive a written decision with reasons.

Contact the Attorney General

If your appeal is denied, the controller must give you an online mechanism, if available, or another method to contact the Vermont Attorney General and submit a complaint.

Revoke your consent15 days

Revoke consent you gave a controller, such as consent to process your sensitive data, through a mechanism at least as easy as the one you used to give it, after which the controller must stop processing that data.

Non-discrimination

A controller may not discriminate against you for exercising your rights, including by denying goods or services, charging different prices or rates, or providing a different level of quality, except for bona fide loyalty or rewards programs.

US State Specifics

Private Right of Action
No
Global Opt-out Required
Yes
Sensitive Data Opt-in
Yes

Other North America Regulations

CCPACalifornia, United States
The CCPA was the first comprehensive consumer privacy law in the United States, giving California residents the right to know what personal information businesses collect and to opt out of its sale. It established the opt-out consent model that most subsequent US state privacy laws adopted.
CPRACalifornia, United States
The CPRA is the most comprehensive US state privacy law with a dedicated enforcement agency (CPPA). Cross-context behavioral advertising via cookies constitutes sharing personal information, triggering opt-out obligations. GPC signals must be honored as valid opt-out requests.
PIPEDACanada
Canada's federal private-sector privacy law based on 10 fair information principles. Requires express consent for sensitive data and implied consent for less sensitive data. OPC guidance addresses cookies and online behavioral advertising. The CPPA replacement bill died January 2025; a new bill is expected.
CIPACalifornia, United States
CIPA is a 1967 California chapter covering wiretapping, eavesdropping, and other privacy invasions, not a website-specific law. Since 2022, courts have applied two of its sections to website chat, analytics, and ad tools, and any visitor can sue directly for at least $5,000 per violation, no revenue threshold.
MODPAMaryland, United States
The most restrictive US state privacy law. Sensitive data may only be processed when strictly necessary to deliver a requested service, and sale of sensitive data is completely prohibited even with consent. Under-18 sale and targeted advertising are prohibited regardless of consent. Strictest data minimization in the US.
TDPSATexas, United States
The TDPSA is the broadest US state privacy law: no revenue thresholds and no minimum consumer data volume thresholds. Applies to any non-small-business processing personal data of Texas residents. Must honor GPC signals since January 2025. This breadth means far more businesses are captured than under any other state law.

VDPOSA requires you to recognize an opt-out preference signal such as Global Privacy Control. Check whether GPC is working on your site to confirm the signal reaches you and that trackers actually stop firing when it does.

Stay compliant with VDPOSA

ConsentStack helps you implement Opt-out consent for Vermont, United States automatically.