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Minnesota MCDPA

Minnesota Consumer Data Privacy Act

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Minnesota, United StatesOpt-outUS State LawsState
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Key Facts

Effective Date
July 31, 2025
Enacted
May 19, 2024
Enforcing Authority
Minnesota Attorney General
Consent Model
Opt-out
Fulfillment Time
45 days
Applies To
Entities in MN or targeting MN residents: 100,000+ consumers OR 25,000+ consumers and 25%+ revenue from selling PI

Overview

Minnesota's MCDPA introduces several firsts among US state privacy laws: mandatory Chief Privacy Officer designation, required data inventory maintenance, and the right to challenge profiling decisions. The expanded sensitive data definition includes SSN, government IDs, financial and insurance accounts, and passwords.

What This Means for Your Website

  • You must designate a Chief Privacy Officer (or equivalent), the first US state to require this
  • A documented data inventory must be maintained, the first US state to require this
  • GPC/UOOM signals must be honored
  • Consumers have a unique right to question profiling decisions
  • Opt-in consent is required for sensitive data (expanded definition)
  • The 30-day cure period sunsets January 1, 2026

Key Requirements

The Minnesota AG enforces the MCDPA with penalties up to $7,500 per violation. Consumer requests must be fulfilled within 45 days. The CPO and data inventory requirements are organizational obligations that go beyond typical US state privacy laws. The right to question profiling decisions creates a unique challenge mechanism for consumers.

How ConsentStack Handles This

ConsentStack detects Minnesota visitors, honors GPC signals, applies opt-in for the expanded sensitive data categories, and supports the consent record-keeping that complements organizational CPO and inventory requirements.

Penalties

Up to $7,500 per violation.

Maximum Fine
$7,500 per violation

Key Requirements

  • Designate a Chief Privacy Officer, the first US state to require this
  • Maintain documented data inventory, the first US state to require this
  • Honor GPC/universal opt-out signals
  • Opt-in consent for sensitive data
  • Right to question profiling decisions, unique
  • Data protection assessments for profiling with legal effects

Notable Provisions

  • First US state requiring Chief Privacy Officer
  • First requiring data inventory maintenance
  • Right to question profiling decisions, unique
  • Expanded sensitive data definition (SSN, government IDs, financial accounts, passwords)
  • Cure period sunsets January 2026

US State Specifics

Cure Period
30 days
Private Right of Action
No
Global Opt-out Required
Yes
Sensitive Data Opt-in
Yes
Children Provisions
Under 13 data is sensitive requiring opt-in consent.

Other North America Regulations

CPRACalifornia, United States
The CPRA is the most comprehensive US state privacy law with a dedicated enforcement agency (CPPA). Cross-context behavioral advertising via cookies constitutes sharing personal information, triggering opt-out obligations. GPC signals must be honored as valid opt-out requests.
CCPACalifornia, United States
The CCPA was the first comprehensive consumer privacy law in the United States, giving California residents the right to know what personal information businesses collect and to opt out of its sale. It established the opt-out consent model that most subsequent US state privacy laws adopted.
PIPEDACanada
Canada's federal private-sector privacy law based on 10 fair information principles. Requires express consent for sensitive data and implied consent for less sensitive data. OPC guidance addresses cookies and online behavioral advertising. The CPPA replacement bill died January 2025; a new bill is expected.
CIPACalifornia, United States
CIPA is a 1967 California chapter covering wiretapping, eavesdropping, and other privacy invasions, not a website-specific law. Since 2022, courts have applied two of its sections to website chat, analytics, and ad tools, and any visitor can sue directly for at least $5,000 per violation, no revenue threshold.
Quebec Law 25Quebec, Canada
Quebec's Law 25 is the strictest privacy law in Canada and the closest North American equivalent to the GDPR. Consent must be clear, free, informed and requested for each purpose, and any technology that identifies, locates or profiles a visitor has to be disclosed. Its privacy-by-default rule carves out browser cookie settings, but non-essential cookies still need consent first.
CPAColorado, United States
Colorado's CPA features the highest per-violation penalties among US state privacy laws at $20,000. Must honor GPC signals since July 2024. Participated in a joint GPC enforcement sweep with California and Connecticut in September 2025. The cure period was eliminated in January 2025.

Frequently Asked Questions

Minnesota MCDPA requires you to recognize an opt-out preference signal such as Global Privacy Control. Check whether GPC is working on your site to confirm the signal reaches you and that trackers actually stop firing when it does.

Stay compliant with Minnesota MCDPA

ConsentStack helps you implement Opt-out consent for Minnesota, United States automatically.

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